9 Essential Safety Tips for Home Health Clinicians

 

When you’re in patients’ homes or traveling through unfamiliar neighborhoods, safety becomes part of the job. Situational awareness and preparation can make the difference between a smooth visit and a risky encounter.

We sat down with a law enforcement officer to get practical, field-tested safety advice for home health clinicians, and here’s what he shared:

How should I prepare before visiting a potentially dangerous area or home?

  • The biggest risk is not knowing how to get out. Always study your exits.
  • If you’re nervous, just drive by in advance to observe the surroundings – junk cars, debris, or activity may be red flags.
  • Use Waze to map your route; it’s the preferred app of law enforcement.
  • Look up the house on Zillow to familiarize yourself with its layout.
  • Check the area’s crime map or call the local non-emergency police line to ask about recent calls for service.
  • Consider requesting a patrol drive-by around the time you plan to leave.
  • Set up a check-in system with a colleague or emergency contact.
  • Establish a safety word or phrase you can use in a call to signal distress.
  • Use the buddy system – partner with another clinician who knows your schedule and location.

How should I approach unfamiliar caregivers or guests in the home?

  • Be direct but polite: “Hi, I haven’t met you – who are you?”
  • Ask the patient: “Is this your grandson? We haven’t been introduced.”
  • If questioned for being too cautious, respond: “That’s just part of my job – I’m here to help and keep everyone safe!”

What if I suspect drug or alcohol use in the home?

  • Trust your senses – the odor of meth is distinct and dangerous.
  • If you suspect drug use or see paraphernalia, leave immediately.
  • Report anonymously to law enforcement; do not confront anyone.
  • Avoid interacting with anyone who appears under the influence. Say to the patient, “This doesn’t seem like a good time; I’ll need to reschedule.”

What should I do if there’s an aggressive animal?

  • Most agencies prohibit entry if a pet is uncaged or unrestrained.
  • You can say, “I’m sorry, I can’t enter unless the dog is secured.”
  • Don’t extend your arms; tuck them in to avoid bites.
  • Avoid eye contact with the animal and look upward or away.
  • Move slowly and place barriers (like a bag or chair) between you and the animal.
  • Generally, report aggressive animals; even though it’s their home, unsafe behavior should be reported to Animal Control.

 How can I de-escalate an aggressive patient or caregiver?

  • Listen attentively, paraphrase their concerns, and stay calm.
  • Be aware of non-verbal cues – 80-90% of communication is body language.
  • Don’t touch or crowd someone who is escalating.

What are my self-defense options if needed?

  • Use what you have: your bag, clipboard, or umbrella can serve as a shield or barrier.
  • Pepper spray can be effective but may affect you too.
  • Consider training in Aikido, a martial art focused on redirection and neutralizing threats without needing strength.
  • Firearms should only be used as a last resort and if you are fully trained and licensed.

 Am I legally protected if I use self-defense?

  • You have the right to defend yourself from harm.
  • Legally, you must only use equal force – if you exceed it, your actions may be scrutinized.

 How can I ensure a safe exit from the home?

  • Ask to see the layout when entering: “Mind showing me around real quick?”
  • Identify multiple exit routes, including windows if necessary.
  • If the front door is locked behind you, say: “I might need to run out to my car a few times – would you mind keeping the door unlocked?”
  • Make your exit clear: “I’m leaving now.” Raise your voice if needed.
  • Once outside, if you’re still threatened yell “Help!” or something specific like “I need help now!” – not vague terms like “Fire!”

 When should I call 911, the non-emergency line, or Adult Protective Services (APS)?

  • In immediate danger, call 911 – it will ping your exact location.
  • You don’t need to explain what’s happening; operators are trained to recognize distress.
  • Texting 911 is possible, but your location must be manually shared.
  • Apple Watches can quickly call 911 with the press of a button.
  • For concerns about abuse or unsafe conditions, call the non-emergency police line or APS (note: APS must coordinate with law enforcement, which may delay response).

 

Staying safe starts with preparation, awareness, and knowing your rights. Use these tips to help ensure your next visit isn’t just productive – it’s protected.

RETURN TO THE LEARNING CENTER